1,255 research outputs found
Preparation, characterization and fluorescence quenching of water-soluble light-emitting nanopartices based on conjugated polymers and oligomers
Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC
An oral vaccine against CVA16 (Coxsackievirus A16) was developed by constructing a recombinant Lactococcus lactis
Purpose: To develop an oral vaccine against CVA16 (Coxsackievirus A16) by constructing a recombinant Lactococcus lactis that expresses VP1 from CVA16.Method: An oral CVA16 vaccine was prepared by expressing CVA16 VP1 protein with Lactococcus lactis. CVA16 VP1 gene was incorporated into a Lactobacillus expression vector, namely, pNZ8148, and then expressed in NZ9000, a food-grade lactic acid bacterium which serves as a carrier for oral vaccines.Results: There was statistically significant difference in CVA16-specific IgG antibody level between NZ9000-pNZ8148-CVA16-VP1 group (0.49 ± 0.05) and control group (0.05 ± 0.00) when the antiserum was diluted 1:10 (t = 19.84; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the level of CVA16-specific IgA antibody in NZ9000- pNZ8148-CVA16-VP1 group (0.17 ± 0.02) was significantly higher than in control group (0.05 ± 0.00) following antiserum dilution of 1:10 (t =12.08; p < 0.05).Conclusion: A CVA16 oral vaccine made from Lactobacillus elicits protective antibodies against CVA16. Thus, it is a potential as oral vaccine against CVA16 but further studies in vivo are required to ascertain its safety and effectiveness.
Keywords: Coxsackievirus A16, Hand, foot and mouth disease, Lactococcus lactis, Oral vaccine, Enterovirus 7
Numerical Simulation of 2D Supersonic Magnetohydrodynamic Channel and Study on Hall Effect
AbstractIn this research effort, numerical simulation of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel is performed and Hall effect is studied. The computational model consists of the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations coupled with electrical-magnetic source terms, Maxwell equations and the generalized Ohm's law. Boundary conditions for the electrical potential equation considering Hall effect are derived. To start with, the MHD channel with single-pair electrodes is studied and flow of the electric current is in accordance with physical principle. Then the MHD channel with five-pair electrodes is numerically simulated. The results show that the electrical current concentrates on the downstream of the anode and the upstream of the cathode due to Hall effect, and the flow field becomes asymmetrical. At the current value of the magnetic interaction parameter, the electrical-magnetic force affects the flow remarkably, decreasing the outlet Mach number and increasing the outlet pressure; what's more, the flow structure in the channel becomes extremely complex. Performances of MHD channels with continual electrodes and segmented electrodes are compared. The results show that performance of the MHD channel with segmented electrodes is better than that with continual electrodes with the increase of Hall parameter
Distension-Induced Gastric Contraction is Attenuated in an Experimental Model of Gastric Restraint
Background
Gastric distension has important implications
for motility and satiety. The hypothesis of this study was
that distension affects the amplitude and duration of gastric
contraction and that these parameters are largely mediated
by efferent vagus stimulation.
Methods
A novel isovolumic myograph was introduced to
test these hypotheses. The isovolumic myograph isolates
the stomach and records the pressure generated by the
gastric contraction under isovolumic conditions. Accordingly,
the phasic changes of gastric contractility can be
documented. A group of 12 rats were used under in vivo
conditions and isolated ex vivo conditions and with two
different gastric restraints (small and large) to determine the
effect of degree of restraint.
Results
The comparison of the in vivo and ex vivo
contractility provided information on the efferent vagus
mediation of gastric contraction, i.e., the in vivo amplitude
and duration reached maximum of 12.6±2.7 mmHg and
19.8±5.6 s in contrast to maximum of 5.7±0.9 mmHg and
7.3±1.3 s in ex vivo amplitude and duration, respectively. The
comparison of gastric restraint and control groups highlights
the role of distension on in vivo gastric contractility. The
limitation of gastric distension by restraint drastically reduced
the maximal amplitude to below 2.9±0.2 mmHg.
Conclusions
The results show that distension-induced
gastric contractility is regulated by both central nervous
system and local mechanisms with the former being more
substantial. Furthermore, the gastric restraint significantly
attenuates gastric contractility (decreased amplitude and
shortened duration of contraction) which is mediated by the
efferent vagus activation. These findings have important
implications for gastric motility and physiology and may
improve our understanding of satiety
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TCF1 and LEF1 Control Treg Competitive Survival and Tfr Development to Prevent Autoimmune Diseases.
CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are key players in preventing lethal autoimmunity. Tregs undertake differentiation processes and acquire diverse functional properties. However, how Treg's differentiation and functional specification are regulated remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that gradient expression of TCF1 and LEF1 distinguishes Tregs into three distinct subpopulations, particularly highlighting a subset of activated Treg (aTreg) cells. Treg-specific ablation of TCF1 and LEF1 renders the mice susceptible to systemic autoimmunity. TCF1 and LEF1 are dispensable for Treg's suppressive capacity but essential for maintaining a normal aTreg pool and promoting Treg's competitive survival. As a consequence, the development of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, which are a subset of aTreg, is abolished in TCF1/LEF1-conditional knockout mice, leading to unrestrained T follicular helper (Tfh) and germinal center B cell responses. Thus, TCF1 and LEF1 act redundantly to control the maintenance and functional specification of Treg subsets to prevent autoimmunity
Laser Pulse Bidirectional Reflectance from CALIPSO Mission
In this Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) study, we present a simple way of determining laser pulse bidirectional reflectance over snow/ice surface using the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) 532 nanometer polarization channels' measurements. The saturated laser pulse returns from snow and ice surfaces are recovered based on surface tail information. The method overview and initial assessment of the method performance will be presented. The retrieved snow surface bidirectional reflectance is compared with reflectance from both CALIOP cloud cover regions and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (Earth Observing System (EOS)) (MODIS) Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) / Albedo model parameters. The comparisons show that the snow surface bidirectional reflectance over Antarctica for saturation region are generally reliable with a mean value of about 0.90 plus or minus 0.10, while the mean surface reflectance from cloud cover region is about 0.84 plus or minus 0.13 and the calculated MODIS reflectance at 555 nanometers from the BRDF / Albedo model with near nadir illumination and viewing angles is about 0.96 plus or minus 0.04. The comparisons here demonstrate that the snow surface reflectance underneath the cloud with cloud optical depth of about 1 is significantly lower than that for a clear sky condition
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